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计算机视觉
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== 概述 == 人类视觉系统能够轻松完成识别物体、判断距离、理解场景等任务,但让计算机实现这些能力却极具挑战。计算机视觉的核心问题在于:图像本质上只是像素值的数值矩阵,如何从这些低层次的数值中提取出高层次的语义信息(如"这是一只猫"或"前方有行人"),是该领域长期研究的根本难题。 早期的计算机视觉主要依赖人工设计的特征(如边缘、角点、纹理)与传统机器学习方法。自 2012 年 [[深度学习]] 在图像识别任务上取得突破以来,基于卷积神经网络(CNN)的方法逐渐成为主流,并在近年进一步扩展到 Transformer 等新型架构。
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