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== 基本原理 == === 人工神经网络 === 深度学习的基础是人工神经网络,它由大量相互连接的"神经元"组成。每个神经元接收输入、进行加权求和并通过激活函数产生输出。多个神经元构成层,多层堆叠便形成深层网络。 === 反向传播与梯度下降 === 网络通过反向传播算法计算损失函数对各参数的梯度,再利用梯度下降及其变体(如 SGD、Adam)不断调整权重,使模型预测逐步逼近真实值。这是深度学习模型训练的核心机制。 === 激活函数 === 激活函数为网络引入非线性,使其能够拟合复杂的函数关系。常用的激活函数包括 ReLU、Sigmoid 与 Tanh,其中 ReLU 因能有效缓解梯度消失问题而被广泛采用。
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