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自然语言处理
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== 核心任务 == === 词法与句法分析 === 包括分词、词性标注、命名实体识别与句法依存分析等,旨在解析语言的基本结构。中文等语言由于缺乏天然词边界,分词本身即是一项重要任务。 === 语义理解 === 研究如何让计算机理解文本的含义,涵盖词义消歧、语义角色标注、指代消解等任务,是实现深层语言理解的关键。 === 文本分类与情感分析 === 将文本归入预定义类别(如垃圾邮件识别),或判断文本所表达的情感倾向,广泛应用于舆情监测与商业分析。 === 机器翻译 === 将一种自然语言自动翻译为另一种语言,从早期的统计机器翻译发展到如今基于神经网络的端到端翻译,质量已大幅提升。 === 文本生成与问答 === 包括自动摘要、对话生成、阅读理解与开放域问答等,是当前大语言模型最具代表性的应用方向。
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